Vitiligo is an autoimmune disease, that is, the patient's own immune system destroys melanocytes, which are the cells that produce melanin or skin pigment. It occurs when the cells that produce the pigment (melanocytes) die or stop the production of melanin, the pigment that gives the skin its color.
It is not clear what makes these pigment cells not work or die. Many experts believe that it may be related to an immune system disorder, family history or a triggering event, such as stress, or severe sunburn or skin trauma, such as contact with a chemical substance.
Vitiligo affects people of all skin types, but it can be more noticeable in people with brown or black skin. This condition is not contagious nor does it pose any risk to the person who suffers from it.
Types of Vitiligo
1- GENERALIZED
It is the most common type of vitiligo. In this type, the spots are distributed throughout the body and are arranged symmetrically, especially in the joints of the fingers, elbows and knees. They can also be located around the eyes, nose, ears and mouth.
2- FOCAL
Small, scattered spots that can occur anywhere on the body
3- SEGMENTARY
Unilateral spots that usually follow a specific distribution. It tends to appear in younger people.
4- UNIVERSAL
Spots spread over almost the entire surface of the body.
Modern Treatment of Vitiligo
Modern treatment is based on handling it on three levels:
1. Decrease stress on the melanocyte by taking oral antioxidants
2. Decrease autoimmune deterioration using medication and laser technology
3. Promote the regeneration of the melanocyte
Finally, highlight the importance of a correct diagnosis--not all white spots are signs of vitiligo. White spots on the skin can be due to the presence of fungi, atopic dermatitis or other skin inflammations. A Dermatologist expert in this type of injury must make the correct diagnosis and propose an appropriate treatment.
Vitiligo is a disease that can greatly affect people's quality of life. Currently, dermatologists have efficient techniques to help patients with this condition face this disease that is often considered unfairly and intractablely.